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Happily Marrieds Have Lower Blood Pressure Than Social Singles
New research shows that happily married adults have lower blood pressure than singles with supportive social networks, suggesting marriage may literally be a matter of the heart. Brigham Young University professor Julianne Holt-Lunstad found that men and women in happy marriages scored four points lower on 24-hour blood pressure than single adults. Having a network of supportive friends did not translate into improved blood pressure for singles or unhappily marrieds, which surprised Holt-Lunstad and her two student collaborators. “There seem to be some unique health benefits from marriage,” said Holt-Lunstad, whose findings will be published March 20 in the Annals of Behavioral Medicine. “It’s not just being married that benefits health - what’s really the most protective of health is having a happy marriage.” The study also found, unsurprisingly, that unhappily married adults have higher blood pressure than both happily married and single adults. Holt-Lunstad, a psychologist who studies relationships and health, arranged for 204 married and 99 single adults to wear portable blood pressure monitors, mostly concealed by their clothes, for 24 hours. The monitors recorded blood pressure at random intervals throughout the day – even while participants slept. Each participant’s blood pressure level was recorded about 72 times. “We wanted to capture participants’ blood pressure doing whatever they normally do in everyday life,” Holt-Lunstad said. “Getting one or two readings in a clinic is not really representative of the fluctuations that occur throughout the day.” All participants completed a roster of friends in their social network and answered questions about the quality of those relationships. Married participants also completed questionnaires on the quality of the relationship with their spouses. With the monitors recording blood pressure both day and night, the researchers could see that blood pressure for married adults – especially those happily married – dipped more during sleep than happens with singles. “Research has shown that people whose blood pressure remains high throughout the night are at much greater risk of cardiovascular problems than people whose blood pressure dips,” Holt-Lunstad said. Holt-Lunstad said that spouses can promote healthy habits, such as encouraging each other to see a doctor and to eat healthy. The marriage relationship is also a source of emotional support in good and bad times. Sharing good news, for example, generates positive emotions, which in turn boosts the body’s functioning. The study was funded by the Anthony Marchionne Foundation, which supports research on the well-being of the never-married. Funding also came from BYU’s Family Studies Center. A next step in the research for Holt-Lunstad is to study couples participating in marriage counseling to see if improvement in the marriage translates into improved health. The two co-authors on the study, Wendy Birmingham and Brandon Jones, worked on the project as undergraduate students at BYU. Jones is now in medical school at George Washington University, while Birmingham is now pursuing a Ph.D. in social psychology with an emphasis in behavioral medicine at the University of Utah. The study is titled “Is There Something Unique about Marriage? The Relative Impact of Marital Status, Relationship Quality, and Network Social Support on Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Mental Health.” Adapted from materials provided by Brigham Young University.
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After analyzing readings from more than 700 patients 80 or older, the researchers discovered that the average cutoffs (beginning and end points) for measuring all three ECG intervals -- PR, QRS and QT -- were greater than the current established norms. The findings also showed that the intervals, while greater in general, were significantly higher in men. The intervals refer to the times between recorded peaks of the specific motions in a heartbeat as represented on an electrocardiogram. "What is normal for a population of middle-aged individuals may not be the same for the steadily increasing elderly population in this country," says Latha Stead, M.D., lead author of the study* and chair of the Division of Emergency Medicine Research at Mayo Clinic. Significance of the Findings America's "boomer" generation is quickly aging into a geriatric generation. In 1994 one person in eight was elderly; by 2030, that figure will be one in five. As these individuals age, physicians need to have appropriate standards to evaluate their cardiac health, whether they have a routine checkup or appear in an emergency department. Mayo is seeking the best information about how to treat each individual, no matter what the age. Researchers studied ECG results from 702 patients who came to Mayo Clinic for routine annual examinations. Forty-six percent, or 331, were men. Just under 18 percent of all patients had a history of cardiac disease. Basing their reference ranges on the healthy subgroup -- 578 patients who either had no history of heart disease or who were taking heart medication -- the researchers established averages for each of the three ECG prolonged intervals, in men and women. In all cases, the average interval cutoffs for women were higher than the standards set out in the current medical literature. For men, the cutoffs were considerably higher -- in some cases more than twice as high. Based on the findings, the researchers suggest ECG standards be re-examined for both age and sex for the older population. *The recommendation comes in a study published March 14 in the American Journal of Geriatric Cardiology. The research team also included Lekshmi Vaidyanathan, M.B.B.S.; Sandhya Behera, M.B.B.S.; Rachel Gilmore, M.B.B.Ch., M.R.C.P.I.; Amy Weaver; Gerald Gau, M.D.; and Wyatt Decker, M.D.; all from Mayo Clinic; and Krishna Vedula, University of Minnesota. Adapted from materials provided by Mayo Clinic.
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William McRand Author: Freelance Writer specializing in Internet marketing, Self help, Blogging, and online income. If you found his articles helpful, read his Blog which is loaded with more useful content on this, and related topics. douglas4.zthfitness.hop.clickbank.net/ mcrandweightlose.blogspo
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